Compensation for matrix effects in GC analysis of pesticides by using cucumber extract
Hyeyoung Kwon1, Michelangelo Anastassiades2, Daniela Dörk2, Su-Myoung Hong1, Byeong-Chul Moon1
1National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
2EU-Reference Laboratory for Residues of Pesticides Requiring Single Residue Methods (EURL-SRM); hosted at the Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, Schaflandstraße 3/2, 70736 Fellbach, Germany
In Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 410 (2018) 5481-5489
Abstract
Matrix effects (MEs) can adversely affect quantification in pesticide residue analysis using GC. Analyte protectants (APs) can effectively interact with and mask active sites in the GC system, and are added individually or in combination to sample extracts and calibration solutions to minimize errors related to MEs. Unfortunately, APs cannot sufficiently compensate for MEs in all cases. Plant extracts, containing a broad range of natural compounds with AP properties, can also be used for this purpose. In this study, the applicability of cucumber extract as a natural AP mixture was investigated both alone and in combination with traditional APs. Extracts of two selected difficult matrices (onion and garlic) were prepared according to the citrate-buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure. ME values of 40 representative GC-amenable pesticides were compared when calibrating against standards in pure solvent and in cucumber extract, with and without the addition of APs. Using a GC system with a contaminated inlet liner, the use of a cucumber-based calibration solution decreased MEs remarkably. The combination of APs with cucumber raw extract further decreased MEs, resulting in more than 85% of the tested pesticides showing ≤ 10% ME in onion and ≤ 20% ME in garlic. These results demonstrate that the preparation of calibration standards based on cucumber extracts (with or without the addition of APs) is a very useful and practical approach to compensate for MEs in pesticide residue analysis using QuEChERS and GC-MS/MS. The use of various internal standards is furthermore critically discussed.
Key words
Pesticide residue analysis, QuEChERS, Matrix effects, GC-MS/MS, Matrix-based calibration, Internal standard
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1197-1
Last modified 18-02-2026, 14:34:33
Published 17-02-2026, 16:26:21
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