Evaluation of glyphosate and AMPA in honey by water extraction followed by ion chromatography mass spectrometry. A pilot monitoring study
L. Parejaa, F. Jesúsb, H. Heinzenac, M.D. Hernandod, Ł. Rajski*e, and A.R. Fernández-Albae
aGroup for the Analysis of Trace Compounds (GACT), Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Paysandú, Uruguay
bGroup for the Analysis of Trace Compounds (GACT), Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Abordaje Holístico, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
cGroup for the Analysis of Trace Compounds (GACT), Pharmacognosy & Natural Products, Organic Chem. Dept. Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Uruguay
dNational Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
eEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120-Almería, Spain
Anal. Methods, 2019, 11, 2123
DOI: 10.1039/c9ay00543a
Abstract
Two straightforward methods for glyphosate and AMPA analysis in honey through ion chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap accurate high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as their application to real samples are presented. The sample preparation step is accomplished through dilution with methanol–water or water. No pH adjustment is necessary. Recoveries were in the range 80 to 110% with RSDs < 20%. The LOQ of glyphosate was 0.005 mg kg−1, far below the allowed EU-MRL (0.05 mg kg−1) in honey, showing a linear range of 0.005–0.5 mg kg−1 and medium matrix effect. LOQ of AMPA was 0.02 mg kg−1. Glyphosate quantitation was performed with internal or external calibration yielding identical results, thus broadening the applicability of the method as isotopically labelled standards are no longer mandatory. The method was applied to 32 honey samples from different origins. Glyphosate was found in 81% of the samples and 41% were above the EU-MRL showing its applicability in routine work. AMPA was not detected in any of the samples.
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
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Published 21-06-2019, 11:30:37
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